Ferdinand Castillo: Five years of fighting for freedom and justice

Published in February 2022 by Bayan Metro Manila

Today marks the fifth year after activist Ferdinand Castillo was arrested in Caloocan by the Criminal Investigation and Detection Group based on trumped-up charges. His continuing detention reflects the notorious human rights record of the Rodrigo Duterte administration. But despite his incarceration, Castillo remains defiant. We are one with him in fighting for his freedom and the pursuit of justice.

Castillo is an activist who devoted four decades of his life to the struggle for social change. He became an activist during the Marcos dictatorship while studying Mathematics at UP Diliman. He continued his activism after the 1986 People Power by working with peasant organizations in Cagayan Valley. He joined Bayan Manila in the late 1990s and eventually became campaign officer of Bayan Metro Manila. He remained immersed in grassroots organizing despite suffering from rheumatic heart disease, hypertension and gout.

His extensive knowledge on the issues affecting workers, urban poor, and other marginalized sectors in Metro Manila led him to be an active participant in the peace process until he was included as one of the consultants of the National Democratic Front working on the Comprehensive Agreement on Social and Economic Reforms. He was the first NDF consultant to be arrested when Duterte unilaterally ended the peace talks.

Castillo is still facing trial after five years in jail. We are confident he will walk free like other political prisoners who were also arrested on fabricated evidence. We will not stop opposing Duterte’s crackdown on legitimate dissent until the vicious weaponizing of judicial processes is ended. We will continue to hold accountable all those who conspired and enabled the unjust detention of activists like Castillo.

We challenge election candidates to call for the immediate release of political prisoners. We urge them to study Castillo’s case whose peaceful activism is criminalized under the Duterte government. We are ready to campaign in our communities so that the issues facing political prisoners will be heard by our voters.

We are outraged that a dear kasama like Castillo has already spent half a decade behind bars despite committing no crime other than steadfastly fighting for true democracy and empowerment in the grassroots. We take inspiration from Castillo who never wavered in his commitment to serve the masses despite his imprisonment. We remember how he was always engaging jail visitors to get news and updates from the urban mass movement so that he can share his views and veteran insight. He was consistent in his message that the campaign for the release of political prisoners should be part of the broader struggle for lasting peace and justice in society.

The prolonged pandemic lockdown has made it more difficult for Castillo’s family and friends to learn about his conditions and his thoughts on the political situation. But through brief e-dalaw calls, he was able to express the call of fellow political prisoners about leading the people in rejecting the Marcos-Duterte tyranny.

We hear you Tatay Ferdie. We will defeat the Marcos-Duterte tandem. And we will continue to fight for freedom and justice.

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What Does It Means to be ‘Pro-China’ in the Philippines?

Written for The Diplomat

Philippine lawmakers have hurled accusations against some of their colleagues for allegedly taking a pro-China stand on the issue of the South China Sea.

China’s repeated harassment of Filipino fisherfolk will continue make the “pro-China” label a potent political weapon to demonize those who are critical of the decision of the Marcos government to intensify and expand U.S. military presence in the Philippines as a supposed deterrent to Chinese aggression in the country’s maritime territories.

The specter of foreign intervention was an issue that was raised during the 2025 midterm election. That lawmakers are openly and strongly castigating their fellow politicians for being “pro-China” provides a glimpse of how issues linked to China’s influence and activities in the country will animate the political debates ahead of the 2028 presidential election.

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Philippine Authorities Call Out Alleged Chinese Election Interference

Written for The Diplomat

Philippine authorities have flagged the alleged meddling of China in the ongoing campaign for the midterm local and national elections scheduled for May 12. China has denied the accusation, but the specter of foreign interference has become an election narrative that could influence not just the results but also the long-term prospects of political forces suspected of promoting anti-Filipino interests.

The latest foreign interference allegations involving Chinese spies and pro-Beijing influencers could affect the last leg of the midterm election campaign. The results of the investigation could highlight the extent of Chinese influence within the country’s major political parties. More importantly, it is a timely reminder for the public to be more critical of the information they receive online and to always ask if a trending news narrative serves a partisan agenda, especially those coming from dubious sources.

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Binhi at agos ng paglaya

Sinulat para sa Bulatlat

*Rebyu sa librong “Binhi ng Paglaya” ni Amanda Socorro Lacaba Echanis

Hindi madali para sa mga political detainee o poldet ang matagumpay na paggiit ng karapatang makapagbasa at makapagsulat sa loob ng piitan kaya marapat itanghal ang publikasyon ng aklat ni Amanda Socorro Lacaba Echanis.

Higit na mahirap ang lumikha ng mga akda habang kinakaharap ang sunud-sunod na trahedya. Sa kaso ni Echanis, kinulong siya kasama ang kanyang sanggol at sinampahan ng gawa-gawang kaso. Nangyari ito ilang buwan makalipas tadtarin ng apatnapung saksak ang kanyang ama na si Randall, beteranong aktibista at konsultant ng National Democratic Front.

Sa halip na sumuko at bumigay sa takot, matapang na tumindig si Echanis habang nagpatuloy ang atake ng reaksyonaryong estado sa kanya at sa kanyang pamilya.

Apat na tema ang tumingkad sa aklat na kompilasyon ng mga tula, sanaysay, kuwento, liham, at isang dula.

Una, mababasa ang araw-araw na danas ng isang poldet na pilit sinusubok ang tatag sa selda habang pumipiglas at lumalaban para sa katotohanan at katarungan. Sa mga tulang “Pagdating ng Araw” at “Bakal na Rehas” ay nagpahiwatig si Echanis sa tortyur na kanyang pinagdadaanan sa kamay ng mga opisyal na ang misyon ay “palambutin” ang kanyang prinsipyadong pagtutol sa alok na ipagkanulo ang kanyang mga kasama’t kaibigan.

Pangalawa, pinaramdam ng awtor ang pagmamahal at pangungulilala ng isang anak sa kanyang mga magulang. Binahagi niya ang kuwento ng kanyang mga magulang na si Randall at Linda mula sa kanilang pagkamulat bilang kabataang aktibista bago ang pagpataw ng Batas Militar, ang kanilang pagkakahiwalay at muling pagkikita, at ang pag-usbong ng pag-iibigan habang kalahok sa pakikibaka laban sa diktadurya. Mula dito ay higit na mauunawaan ang aktibismong kinalakihan ng awtor, ang progresibong nilalaman at mga karakter ng kanyang panulat, ang kapasyahang sundan ang halimbawa ng magulang, at ang pagpalag sa brutal na pag-uusig ng mga pasistang institusyon. Paano nga naman dudurugin ang mapanlabang diwa ng mga Echanis kung ang “yakap sa lupa’y mahigpit” na tumutumbok sa kanilang matagalang pagtataguyod sa kilusang magsasaka at radikalismong nakalapat sa kongkretong kondisyon ng malapyudal na lipunan?

Pangatlo, maselan niyang hinabi ang naratibo ng ilang kababaihang bilanggo sa tulang “Bawat Maria: Mga Tula sa Loob at Labas ng Kahon”. Sapol ang pagtukoy sa karahasang sinapit ng mga indibidwal at ang pagsusumamo upang igpawan ito. Sa dulang “Nanay Mameng” ay malikhain niyang inugnay ang karamdaman ng maralitang lider at ang halaga ng kolektibong aksyon ng masa bilang sagot at gamot sa “kanser ng lipunan.”

At pang-apat, nag-iiwan ng mahalagang aral ang mga sulatin ni Echanis para sa lahat ng mga sinisindak ng terorismo ng estado. Aniya, “gumawa ka ng sigwa” bilang gabay kung paano hahamunin ang kawalang hustisya sa bansa habang siya ay nasa kulungan. At ano dapat ang aktitud sa mga krisis na sumasambulat: “Ang mga pagsubok ay hindi masong dudurog sa aking diwang palaban, kundi masong huhubog sa aking mga paninindigan.”

Ayon kay Echanis, “tagpi-tagpi pa lamang ang mga nabubuo kong ideya” at nagpahayag siya ng pagnanais na patuloy itong paunlarin. Paalala ito na kalayaan ang isang kondisyon ng sining kung kaya’t asahan na hindi titigil ang mga makabayang manunulat tulad ni Echanis na lumikha ng mga obra na nagtutulak ng mga posibilidad kung paanong ang katwiran ng tama ang manaig sa lipunan.

Sinubukang patahimikin si Echanis subalit nananatili siyang matatag sa kabila ng panunupil ng mga pwersang nagtatanggol sa interes ng mga mapang-api. Ang librong ito ay isang patunay na bigo ang mga nagtangkang tanggalan siya ng boses. Patuloy na nakapagsulat si Echanis kahit nakakulong at sa kanyang mga akda masusukat ang lalim ng kanyang pagnanasa na lumaya at higit sa lahat ay magpatuloy na lumaban para sa pagbabago.

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Disunity Within the Philippines’ First Family

Written for The Diplomat

After the collapse of the political alliance between the Marcos and Duterte families in the Philippines, it seems that President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr. now has to contend with the fallout from his elder sister Senator Imee Marcos’ decision to team up with Vice President Sara Duterte in denouncing the shortcomings of his administration.

Overall, the Marcos-Duterte ad was accurate in depicting the widespread hunger and impact of rising prices on ordinary citizens. Its message resonated with those who are deeply dissatisfied with the Marcos presidency. But as a political ad, it was also notable for failing to mention the real motives of Senator Imee and Vice President Duterte in coming out with a united stance on the country’s situation. We should also point out that it essentially reflects the sorry state of politics today: Families betray each other, enemies forge unprincipled alliances, political dynasties dominate local politics, and nepo politicians think the world revolves around them.

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Corruption Allegations and Family Drama Hound President Marcos

Written for The Diplomat

The raging corruption scandal in the Philippines has reached the office of President Ferdinand Marcos Jr., after a former lawmaker divulged that he delivered billions of pesos in kickbacks into the presidential palace. Meanwhile, Marcos’s sister alleged in a televised speech that the president and the first lady were drug users.

Amid these bombshell accusations, the president’s sister, Senator Imee Marcos, added fuel to the political crisis by alleging drug use on the part of her brother and sister-in-law. Senator Marcos has been criticizing the leadership of her brother since the fallout of the “unity government” headed by the president and Vice President Sara Duterte.

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IFEX Asia brief: January and March 2025

January 2025. Asia’s jailed journalists, internet shutdowns, cybersecurity laws, and proposals on media freedom. China, Myanmar, and Vietnam are among the most notorious jailers of journalists in the world. Internet shutdowns undermine India’s economy and the people’s right to information. New laws threaten to further erode digital rights in Myanmar and Pakistan. How can Asia’s new governments promote media freedom? Read more

March 2025. Transition, media reforms, and CSOs join forces for digital accountability in South Asia. Bangladesh encounters challenges in rolling out reforms, media bills under scrutiny in Nepal, Afghanistan’s de facto “one-voice” policy, independent media outlets are under attack, and a digital accountability collective emerges in South Asia. Read more.

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UN Rapporteur Highlights Continuing Restrictions of Civic Space 

Written for The Diplomat

A United Nations special rapporteur report highlighted the continuing civic space restrictions in the Philippines under President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr.’s government, which marks its third year in office this month.

Khan’s report confirmed the severe restrictions imposed by the previous Duterte government, which led to the curtailment of civil liberties. The Marcos government has made some improvements but these did not reverse the repressive policies that continue to undermine freedom of expression. Marcos has publicly and consistently affirmed his commitment to uphold free speech, and this will be tested once again if he includes Khan’s recommendations in his fourth state of the nation address on July 28.

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Journalists Continue to Face Attacks Despite ‘Improved’ Media Situation

Written for The Diplomat

The Philippine government celebrated the country’s improved ranking in Reporters Without Borders (RSF)’s latest World Press Freedom Index, but local media groups warned that significant challenges continue to impede the work of journalists.

The Philippine government can repeatedly point to the country’s ranking in the RSF index to prove that the media situation is improving but this should not distract it from recognizing that serious problems remain and that it should work harder to address these issues so that journalists can finally fulfill their work without experiencing threats and violence.

As CMFR emphasized in its statement, “without a free and fearless press, democracy dies in silence.”

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Rodrigo Duterte’s Other Crimes in the Philippines

Written for The Diplomat

Former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte is now under the custody of the International Criminal Court (ICC), where he has been accused of crimes against humanity related to his government’s brutal “war on drugs,” known locally as “Tokhang.”

Duterte’s arrest agitated his supporters, who organized protest assemblies and flooded social media with vitriolic comments about the alleged persecution of their revered leader. A month after his arrest and the partial easing of the tense situation, more information is coming out about the deadly legacy of his presidency. His supporters are trying to depict him as a victim of vicious partisan politicking, but this narrative is easily debunked by a simple review of what he really accomplished and failed to do when he was president.

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Can Marcos Jr Survive the Wrath of the Dutertes?

Written for The Diplomat

The Dutertes and their loyal supporters have organized marches, motorcades, and prayer rallies to protest the arrest of former President Rodrigo Duterte on March 11 and his turnover into the custody of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in the Netherlands.

President Marcos may have a solid plan to neutralize the Dutertes but it is the anguish of ordinary citizens reeling from high prices and low wages that he should be worried about. Even Vice President Sara Duterte is aware that the concern of the average voter is the economic crisis, which is why her arrival statement at The Hague when she visited her father focused on the need to address poverty, hunger, and joblessness in the Philippines. In other words, the most serious threat to the Marcos presidency is its own failure to fulfill the campaign promise of bringing down the price of rice and other goods, uplift the conditions of working families, and provide adequate and affordable services to the people.

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Meta changes the rules: IFEX members respond

Written for IFEX

IFEX network members are sharing their insights into how Meta’s overhauling of its content moderation policies could impact users around the world.

The response to Mark Zuckerberg’s announcement about changes to Meta’s content moderation policies, including ending its contracts with fact-checkers in the United States, was swift. Here, we pull together the first reactions from IFEX members to this latest development in the information ecosphere that will have wide-ranging ramifications on freedom of expression.

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Midterm Election Results Reflected the Country’s Political Polarization

Written for The Diplomat

The results of the recently concluded midterm national and local elections reflected the increasing polarization in Philippine politics.

This was evident in the Senate, where no single party or bloc dominated the competition. The coalition led by President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr. and the camp of Vice President Sara Duterte won five candidates each, while two independent candidates succeeded in getting into the top 12 winning threshold. The latter are returning senators known for their critical views during the administration of former President Rodrigo Duterte.

Duterte’s presidential bid in 2028 depends largely on her success in surviving the impeachment. But what the midterm election results showed was the sudden emergence of an alternative to the feuding Marcos and Duterte clans. Duterte may be the frontrunner now but the recent elections highlighted her family’s eroded influence across the country and the rise of young voters clamoring for change.

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What to Expect in Philippine Politics in 2025

Written for The Diplomat

Public scrutiny over the misuse of government funds, the squabble between the Marcos and Duterte clans and their allies, and the local and senatorial midterm elections are expected to dominate Philippine politics this year.

The year 2024 saw the split of the Marcos-Duterte alliance and the rift will definitely extend during this year’s election. But as politicians squabble for hegemony, they may fail to address rising discontent and the people could render a decisive protest vote against the Marcoses, the Dutertes, and their parties.

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IFEX Asia-Pacific brief: October, November, December 2024

October 2024. Bangladesh in transition, internet unfreedom in Myanmar and China, and the state of Pacific media. Bangladesh interim authorities urged to uphold media freedom, Myanmar and China tied with having the world’s worst environment for internet freedom, journalists harassed and attacked across Asia, and a Pacific media group marks a milestone. Read more.

November 2024. Fighting impunity, VPN ban, harsh prison sentences, and a powerful haka protest. Media groups highlight the fight against impunity, women journalists and leaders push back against harassment and injustice, Pakistan’s internet firewall, and continuing crackdown of pro-democracy forces in Hong Kong. Read more.

December 2024. Asia-Pacific: Impunity, TV closures, and “entrenching state control over the internet.” The last month of 2024 was marked with media killings, court convictions, passage of repressive laws, and TV and radio closures as groups push for media freedom across Asia-Pacific. Read more

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