Filipino Jeepney Drivers Make Last Stand

Written for The Diplomat

The year 2023 ended in the Philippines with several transport groups holding nationwide protests aimed at pressuring the government to reconsider its program that will lead to the phaseout of jeepneys.

The jeepneys were World War II surplus vehicles of the U.S. military before they were modified and used by Filipinos for transporting people and goods. Since then, jeepneys have become the country’s main mode of public transportation.

Indeed, the riding public is clamoring for a better transport system. But what the recent transport protests also revealed was the enduring popularity of jeepneys which remain accessible and affordable to many. It is a reminder to the Marcos government that it cannot simply redesign the roads of the future by removing the beloved and old reliable Philippine jeepneys.

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Philippines Hit by Flooding and Oil Spill Disasters

Written for The Diplomat

Massive flooding in the capital region and an oil spill disaster have wrought havoc in the Philippines, as officials underscored the debilitating effect of climate change and the need for sustained and comprehensive preparation at all levels of government.

Typhoon Gaemi, known locally as Carina, caused heavy rainfall in Metro Manila and nearby provinces which led to the worst flooding disaster in the nation’s biggest urban center since 2009. As of July 28, government data showed that a total of 1,228,904 families, or 4,514,896 persons, had been affected by the typhoon and subsequent flooding.

The twin disasters could also affect the trust rating of the country’s top two leaders. The president needs to convince the public that the 5,000 flood control projects worth billions of pesos were really completed and effective. As for Vice President Sara Duterte, she drew flak for going to Germany on a personal trip while a million of her constituents were displaced by floods.

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‘Spirit of the Glass’: Aral ng kasaysayan at paghamon sa red-tagging

Sinulat para sa Bulatlat

Matapang na tinalakay ng dula ang usapin ng red-tagging at kung bakit ito banta sa malayang palitan ng diskurso sa lipunan. Bukod sa napapanahon, malinaw, at maingat na tinilad-tilad sa dula ang mga pangkalahatan at partikular na ginagawa ng red-tagging sa komunidad at sa mga biktima nito. Kung pamilyar ang naratibo at tema, ito ay dahil hango sa mga aktwal na insidente at pinayaman pa ng karanasan ng awtor at direktor na kilalang makabayang artista at bukod dito ay tinarget ng red-tagging ng mga troll ng estado.

Ilang henerasyon ng aktibista ang makkita ang kanilang sarili sa danas ng mga karakter mula sa paglaban ng mga Huk noong dekada singkwenta, ang pakikibaka laban sa Batas Militar, ang paglahok sa EDSA, at ang mahabang bangungot ng walang patid na paglabag sa karapatang pantao kahit pagkatapos mapabagsak ang diktadura.

Gagap ng mga kabataang karakter ang lugar nila sa agos ng kasaysayan at kung bakit matwid ang pumanig sa progresibong kilusan. Ang kahusayan ng dula ay ang pagbasag nito sa stereotype sa aktibistang tila laging galit kung magsalita at de-kahon ang gawi at aktitud. Iba-iba ang ugali at postura ng mga aktibista, hindi lahat ay nagtutuloy sa pagkilos, at tuwi-tuwinang binabagabag ng mga tanong tungkol sa mga tindig sa buhay.

Kaya ang pasya ng magkakaibigan na agad lumikas pagkatapos maredtag ay maaaring salamin ng kanilang pribilehiyo; at sa isang banda rin naman ay akmang tugon kung may pumipihit na sitwasyong panseguridad.

Pwedeng nakatulong ang “distansiya” mula sa lugar na kung saan sila pinag-initan upang maiproseso ang lahat ng nangyari at humugot ng mas tumpak na perspektiba. Tila kwentuhan at asaran lang ng barkada ang nagaganap subalit nakatulong ang pagpapahayag ng saloobin upang maramdaman ito ng bawat isa at makita nila kinalaunan kung paano at saan ipipihit ang takot dulot ng red-tagging tungo sa isang kapasyahan na magpatuloy.

May susing ambag ang presensya ng kapitan ng barangay upang higit na maunawaan ng magkakaibigan ang kawastuhan ng kanilang aktibismo, ang malisya ng red-tagging, at aral ng kasaysayan. Bitbit ng kapitan ang kaisipang pinalulunok ng estado sa publiko kahit ang salalayan nito ay pawang kasinungalingan at kontra sa adyenda ng pagbabago. Nagpaalala ito sa benepisyo ng kolektibo at malayang talakayan; at pinamalas na walang tinutuntungang matibay na batayan ang red-tagging at madali sana itong ibuyangyang kung hahayaan lang ang tao na ito ay hamunin.

Tinulay ng dula ang resolusyon ng mga personal na bagahe gamit ang konteksto ng politika at kasaysayan. Tinahi ang iba-ibang kaganapan sa bansa at ang ugnay ng mga ito sa rebolusyonaryong kilusan noon at hanggang ngayon. Sa isang iglap, napalitaw ang red-tagging bilang “bagong luma” na instrumento ng mapang-aping kapangyarihan upang maghasik ng lagim at patahimikin ang mga kritikal na boses. Ito ang espiritung binuhay at ginawang batas ng burukrasya upang ituring na krimen ang pumuna sa estado. Ang layunin ay manaig sa pamamagitan ng marahas na pagsupil sa mamamayang lumaban. Subalit kailanman ay hindi nagtagumpay ang ganitong klaseng pagbabaluktot sa katotohanan dahil ang mga nabuwal sa mahabang laban para sa kalayaan at demokrasya ay hindi kinalimutan ng mga sumunod na salinlahi ng mga rebolusyonaryo.

Kung minumulto tayo ng nakaraan ito ay dahil nagpapatuloy ang kawalan ng hustisya sa lipunan. Isa itong mabigat na pamana ng kasaysayan na nag-iiwan ng malupit na marka sa buhay ng mga tao. Ang karakter ni Rory ay kumakatawan sa trauma na dinanas ng mga naging saksi sa mga karumal-dumal na paglabag sa karapatang pantao. Nagpaalala ito na ang red-tagging, terror-tagging, o red-baiting noon ay sinusundan ng mga pisikal na atake at di-makataong karahasan; at lahat ito ay delubyong pumapatay sa diwa ng kaisahan sa komunidad habang nagpapalaganap ng kalituhan at takot hanggang kahit ang katinuan ng tao ay maapektuhan na rin.

Mapupuksa ang salot kung ito ay marubdob na hahamunin at bibiguin. Sa dula, inalay ang rebolusyonaryong tradisyon sa lipunan bilang sandigan ng tao para sa balon ng inspirasyon at katatagan. Kung kaya’t sa dulong bahagi ay makabuluhan na nagpugay sa mga martir at bayani na hinarap ang karahasan ng estado sa pamamagitan ng pagsulong ng pakikibaka para sa rebolusyonaryong pagbabago.

Akma na ang mga litrato at pangalan ng mga nagbuwis ng buhay ay naging bahagi ng produksyon; at ang ilang segundo na pinalitaw ito habang nasa harap ng LCD screen ang lolo at lola sa dula ay makapangyarihang pagsasalarawan ng ugnay ng nakaraan at kasalukuyan, at ang nagpapatuloy na laban para sa tunay na kalayaan at demokrasya.

Kapupulutan ng mayamang aral sa kasaysayan ang dula. Higit sa lahat, pinakita ang karaniwang mukha ng aktibista at hindi ang aktibistang ginawang demonyo sa propaganda ng mga pasista. Dahil sa pandemya, natutunan natin ang silbi ng quarantine. Hindi ba’t noong lockdown ay napakarami nating inisip, ginawa, at kung ano-ano pa habang tayo ay nakakulong sa loob ng ating mga tahanan? Ganun din sa ‘quarantine’ kapag kailangang tumabi habang ‘mainit’ ang sitwasyong pampulitika. Hahanap ng matutuluyan, kasama ang mga pinagkakatiwalaan, mag-uusap, magdedebate, at maglalaro ng kung ano ang mahahagilap sa bahay: Scrabble, Chess, Word Factory, at oo, kahit Spirit of the Glass.

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Looking ahead: Censorship, AI, disinformation, and repression undermining elections

Written for IFEX

Internet restrictions, AI-driven disinformation, and mass arrests have intensified ahead of major elections across Asia. These attacks undermine freedom of expression at a time when elections are supposed to restore or strengthen democratic rule and counter authoritarianism in the region.

A key takeaway from Asia’s election experience is the need to revisit existing media laws being weaponised to justify censorship and judicial tyranny. These were clearly designed not to boost democracy and empower citizens, but to deter dissent and punish free speech. Furthermore, measures aimed at ensuring the safety of journalists, especially during heightened moments of election-related uncertainty, must be adopted. Access to online information and services is essential to help voters make informed decisions and facilitate robust conversations between the electorate and public officials. New challenges have emerged, such as election interference and the aggressive use of AI by candidates, which has led to proposals for stricter regulations. Regulations require sustained and genuine public consultations; we have learned this from how previous disruptions were addressed. Our solutions need to enhance the independence of media, expand civic space, and inspire greater public vigilance to defend democracy.

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Duterte Leads ‘Prayer Rallies’ Against Charter Change

Written for The Diplomat

Former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte has been attending “prayer rallies” in opposition to the charter change (ChaCha) planned by the government of President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr.

On January 28, Duterte and his family joined a “prayer rally” in Davao. He attended a similar event in Cebu on February 25 and in Manila on March 12. Ironically, Duterte is leading the public to “pray” against ChaCha since he once remarked that God is “stupid” and even insulted the Catholic pope. He also promoted ChaCha when he was president.

Duterte may have valid reasons for opposing ChaCha, but his “prayer rallies” reflect his failure to garner broad support from various political forces. For civil society groups and opposition forces, Duterte lacks the credibility to lead the anti-ChaCha movement since he needs to be made accountable for the various crimes and abuses committed during his administration.

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Philippine Broadcast Regulator Suspends TV Show of Former President Duterte

Written for The Diplomat

A Philippine regulatory board has suspended former President Rodrigo Duterte’s TV show, reflecting a deepening discord within the ruling coalition. Supporters of the former president insist that the move is a violation of press freedom, but human rights advocates assert that those who make death threats on live TV should be held accountable.

Duterte will be off the air for two weeks, and the network hosting his show could face bigger sanctions. It may be a brief setback for the former president, but he can find other ways to broadcast his messages. As for the MTRCB decision and the spirited debates that followed it, Duterte’s camp must realize by now that it has lost solid backing from the ruling coalition. More importantly, the forces previously targeted by the former president’s verbal attacks are now availing all opportunities to pursue accountability and justice.

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Environment­alists Under Attack in the Philippines

Written for The Diplomat

A report by British advocacy group Global Witness highlighted the continuing attacks against environmental defenders in the Philippines.

Its latest report documented 16 killings in Asia in 2022, 11 of which took place in the Philippines. Since 2012, the Philippines has been listed by the group as the worst place in Asia for land and environmental defenders, with 281 people killed. The group further noted that a significant number of the victims were advocates against destructive large-scale mining operations.

President Marcos has not commented on the issue which is consistent with his silence on issues related to human rights. He never mentioned the human rights record of his administration in his recent State of the Nation address. Ironically, Marcos has called for global action to fight climate injustice. He should at least lead by example by taking concrete steps to enhance the country’s readiness to face the harsh impact of climate change. This includes reversing harmful and destructive projects which are mostly sponsored by prominent tycoons, and also providing protection to environmentalists who help ensure that communities are empowered and organized to sustain a cleaner and greener future.

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Philippines Suspends New Travel Rules Amid Public Outcry

Written for The Diplomat

The Philippine government suspended its revised travel guidelines for Filipinos going abroad after legislators, business groups, travel agencies, and migrants described the new requirements as “coercive, restrictive, and redundant.”

Labor group Migrante reminded authorities to focus on the more essential aspects of the anti-trafficking campaign. “The government should go after human traffickers, and not their victims. It can only counter human trafficking effectively if it starts creating decent jobs at home – and stop its intensification of the country’s labor export program,” the group said in a statement.

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What’s in the Philippines’ Luzon Corridor?

Written for The Diplomat

The recently concluded Trilateral Summit of the United States, Japan, and the Philippines saw the unveiling of the Luzon Corridor, an economic scheme that is intended to spur economic partnerships among the three countries. Located south of Taiwan, Luzon is the Philippines’ biggest island with five regions including Metro Manila, the country’s capital region and major urban center.

Luzon has witnessed some of the most brutal acts of colonial conquest and war over the past century. Will the Luzon Corridor be any different by ushering in an era of peace and stability in this designated zone of growth and development?

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Rodrigo Duterte’s ‘Gentleman’s Agreement’ with China Under Scrutiny

Written for The Diplomat

Former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte allegedly made a “gentleman’s agreement” with the Chinese government for handling tensions in the South China Sea.

It is unlikely that the Senate will summon Duterte and compel him to divulge his “gentleman’s agreement” with China. Besides, the agreement has been superseded by the new approach adopted by the Marcos government, which involves strengthening the country’s security partnership with the United States government.

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IFEX Asia brief: October and November 2023

October 2023: Elusive justice: Combatting election disinformation and impunity; journalists freed in China and Afghanistan. As the world prepares to mark another International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists, on 2 November, the fight against impunity continues in the Philippines and Pakistan. Cheng Lei returns home to Australia, Mortaza Behboudi walks free in Afghanistan, and we share initiatives by IFEX members featuring the impact of AI, combatting election disinformation, and resisting the use of repressive laws against artists and writers. Read more

November 2023: A massive data breach, a TikTok ban, a mass crackdown, and ‘overpolicing free speech’. Killing with impunity in the Philippines, India’s biggest data breach, Nepal bans TikTok, mass crackdown in Bangladesh, and new initiatives in Pakistan address gendered disinformation and cyber harassment. Read more

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A Proposed Law Seeks to Ban Political Dynasties in the Philippines

Written for The Diplomat

The clamor against the power of political clans in the Philippines has been revived, after the Supreme Court uploaded a copy of the petition seeking an order to compel Congress to pass a law banning political dynasties.

In the meantime, Philippine politics remains largely under the sway of political dynasties who are already maneuvering for power and influence ahead of the midterm election next year.

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What the Senate Coup Reveals About Philippine Politics

Written for The Diplomat

The Philippine Senate has a new leadership after Senate President Juan Miguel Zubiri quit his post to give way to new Senate President Francis Escudero. Reports alleged that Zubiri lost his position after he opposed the proposal to amend the 1987 Constitution through a People’s Initiative backed by members of the House of Representatives headed by Speaker Martin Romualdez, who is a first cousin of President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr. Zubiri also reportedly lost the support of Marcos allies after he allowed a Senate probe on a leaked document naming the president as among the suspected drug users being monitored by government agencies.

The new Senate leadership faces several challenges ahead of the 2025 midterm elections but its biggest test is to prove its independence from Malacañang. It has yet to make a clearer position on the issue of amending the Constitution. It should use the session break until July to consult with various stakeholders and come up with a new agenda focused on addressing the people’s urgent concerns and demands such as higher wages, stable jobs, better livelihoods, and faster delivery of adequate social services.

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The deadly Duterte variant is the biggest threat facing Filipinos today

Published by Bayan Metro Manila

The deadly Duterte variant is the biggest threat facing Filipinos today

Presidential spokesperson Harry Roque blamed the new coronavirus variant for the surge in COVID-19 cases when it is clear that our alarming situation today should be attributed to the government’s bungled pandemic response.

Duterte stubbornly enforced lockdown measures which not only failed to contain the virus but also led to disastrous social and economic dislocations. His militarized response created fear which became the government’s model in dealing with the public health crisis.

The ECQ in 2020 was applied sans mass testing, tracing, and treatment. It’s being revived today amid the uncertainty surrounding the roll-out of vaccines. In both 2020 and 2021, the government deployed troops in checkpoints and other public places to observe health protocols when all stakeholders are clamoring for urgent medical solutions.

The government claims its policies are data-driven but it is obvious that the framework in addressing the crisis is through the lens of the security cluster. Hence, the imposition of questionable restrictions such as the 6pm curfew and the hard lockdown regulations implemented by authorities.
We doubt if the data they are compiling are intended to benefit the public since the pandemic-related policies have been consistently anti-poor, anti-worker, anti-youth, anti-women, and anti-democracy. The government is equating the herding of people and silencing of critics with succes as if these are scientific solutions to the pandemic.

Reviving the ECQ and extending the world’s longest lockdown will continue to be counterproductive as long as the militarist approach is used to deal with the pandemic.

Duterte is liable for his failed leadership during the pandemic. The absentee president could not think of other ways to face the crisis other than to sow fear and brutally control the movement of people. This discredited frame of mind has led to tragic consequences since 2016. We deserve better than this murderous, callous, and incompetent regime.

Roque urged the people to reflect about the pandemic during the Holy Week. He should regret giving this advice since another ECQ lockdown will certainly force many Filipinos to realize that the heaviest burden we are carrying is the failed presidency of Duterte. And the only way to end our miseries is to fight for a new and better government.

Wakasan ang kalbaryo ng mamamayan,

Patalsikin ang Rehimeng Duterte!

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Duterte’s Ironic Free Speech Advocacy in the Philippines

Written for The Diplomat

Former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte has warned against the deterioration of freedom of expression under the government of Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr.

After a planned rally was canceled in Tacloban City on May 25, Duterte issued a public statement blaming “the forces of darkness that threaten not only our rights to express our grievances but the very existence of our nation.”

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UN Expert Cites Need for Legal Reforms in the Philippines

Written for The Diplomat

The initial report of United Nations Special Rapporteur on freedom of opinion and expression Irene Khan after her recent 10-day official visit to the Philippines has drawn mixed reactions from government officials and various stakeholders.

Khan was the third U.N. special rapporteur to visit the country since Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr. became president in June 2022, which authorities have claimed as proof of the willingness of the new government to engage with the U.N. and the international community to address human rights concerns.

Khan will submit her full report to the U.N. in June 2025 which gives the government and other stakeholders enough time to evaluate the initial recommendations and to work on substantially improving the country’s state of freedom of expression.

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