The ‘Chaos and Confusion’ Inside the Marcos Government

Written for The Diplomat

Asked about his achievements during his first 100 days as president of the Philippines, Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos said he was able to put up a “functional government.”

But a resolution passed by his party, the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP), hinted at several irregularities inside the presidential palace.

Throughout the campaign period and after becoming president, Marcos has consistently called for unity to move the country forward. Ironically, his subordinates and fellow party members are pursuing this by purging their rivals in public service.

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Philippine Congress Approves Sovereign Wealth Fund Bill

Written for The Diplomat

The Philippine House of Representatives approved a bill creating a sovereign wealth fund despite the concerns raised by some economists and political analysts that it is unnecessary and will be prone to mismanagement.

It took only 17 days for legislators to pass the bill after it was tabled for deliberations because of the priority certification issued by President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. The Senate is expected to tackle the bill in January or February.

Marcos said in a media interview that the bill, which will create the Maharlika Investment Fund (MIF), was his idea, and is intended as an innovative approach to raising capital for his infrastructure projects.

The passage of the bill in the House of Representatives does not mark the end of the campaign against it. The opposition can still lobby for more amendments or the complete withdrawal of the measure in the Senate. Marcos proved how his allies in Congress will support his priority bills, but the spontaneous protests that erupted against the MIF showed the potential wider backlash that this proposal may generate next year.

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Keywords, sound bites, and newsmakers of 2022

Published by Bulatlat

Since this was an election year, the most notable newsmakers were presidential candidates led by the frontrunners Ferdinand ‘Bongbong’ Marcos Jr. and Leni Robredo. Decades or even years from now, historians will also recall the historic candidacy of labor leader Leody de Guzman.

The rapid spread of the Omicron variant in January revived lockdown measures across the world. It further delayed the reopening of face-to-face classes as schools adopted a hybrid teaching model. Booster shots were given but they proved inadequate in reversing the flawed and grossly anti-poor pandemic response of the Rodrigo Duterte administration. Marcos vowed to ditch the lockdown approach but he showed equal incompetence in managing a public health crisis by refusing to appoint a permanent Health secretary.

The country’s polarized political landscape was reflected during the campaign period. Kakampinks were impressive in manifesting their visible support for the Robredo-Pangilinan tandem, but disinformation-enabled automated magic delivered 31 million votes for Marcos-Duterte.

The new government and its troll apologists have consistently bragged about the supposedly high approval ratings of Marcos, but they proved meaningless when the country was plagued by runaway inflation and the resulting wage erosion. The peso-dollar exchange rate almost breached 56 pesos, inflation reached 7.7 percent, and the absurdly high price of onion (sibuyas) became the symbol of the rising cost of living. But Marcos logic insisted that “the peso is weak because the dollar is strong.”

Instead of empathizing with their constituents, politicians chose to normalize callousness. “I believe it is not that high” was Marcos’s tone-deaf response to the media when asked about the surging food and fuel prices. This uninformed and insensitive remark was surpassed only by Senator Cynthia Villar’s “I can live without onion” statement. It is unclear whether the 500 pesos Noche Buena grocery list of the Department of Trade and Industry included enough onions.

To solve hunger, a party list congressman inquired about the use of astronaut pill, the president’s son mansplained the benefits of planting dragonfruit, and the president’s sister enjoined the public to share her nostalgia for nutribun.

When he took his oath, Marcos assured the people that he is ready to serve. “Ang pangarap ninyo ay pangarap ko.” (Your dreams are also my dreams.) He preached unity even if he failed to stop his own party and former executive secretary from hurling vicious accusations against each other. He promised to bring down the price of rice to twenty pesos (bente pesos na bigas) although he later admitted that it will take at least three years to do this.

His campaign pledge captured public attention, in the same way that the proposal to distribute ten thousand pesos for every family (sampung libong ayuda kada pamilya) did wonders for Senator Alan Cayetano’s reelection bid.

Soon, it became evident that the government doesn’t have enough resources for social service programs. Unless of course, the item is similar to the 150 million pesos in confidential intelligence funds of the Department of Education. It is the same agency that allowed former Palace officials to purchase overpriced laptops that cost 58,000 pesos for each item.

To raise funds, Marcos’s ingenious directive is to legislate the creation of a Maharlika Investment Fund by pooling state resources. Not included in the fund resources are the 203 billion pesos in estate taxes and the remaining ill-gotten wealth that his family needs to settle with the national treasury. They should at least come clean about the bill of Imelda’s 93th birthday (the text on the giant billboard) bash in the Palace. Or the generous sponsors of Marcos’ Singapore getaway to watch the F1 race.

Marcos attended several high-profile global events but his presence (read: leadership) during emergency situations was inconsistent and unreliable. Thus, the trending question on social media: Nasaan ang Pangulo? (Where is the president?).

Typhoon Paeng threatened to wreak havoc in Luzon but the damage was minimized by the enormous blocking might of Sierra Madre. The Marcos government responded by green lighting the Kaliwa Dam project which will destroy the biodiverse habitats in South Luzon aside from displacing the communities of indigenous peoples.

After half a year in power, the dictator’s son proved that he was no champion of human rights and freedom of expression. Impunity has persisted as evidenced in the killing of radio broadcaster Percy Lapid. Tokhang became Bida but extrajudicial killings did not stop. Red-tagging remains the de facto policy of the state in dealing with critics and activists despite the claim of the Justice secretary that it is only a term invented by the Left.

Vice President Sara Duterte was called a talawan for skipping debates during the campaign period. The same ‘talawan’ politician would exhort the youth to render military service and support the revival of mandatory ROTC. She articulated the government’s foreign policy with her viral “fei shang, gao shing, chi, shishyang” video message. She expressed her gratitude to the president for her helicopter transport service although she would later disown her own statement.

If we were to believe a young actress that “history is tsismis”, would we remember 2022 as a year dominated by disinformation peddlers? But there were also inspiring icons like Hidilyn Diaz who gave more sporting glories to the country. The death of revolutionary leader Jose Maria Sison shone a spotlight on the continuing struggle for real democracy and justice in this part of the world. And the most important lesson that reinvigorated the woke generation was the post-election reflection about the unfinished fight for good governance. “Pag ika’y namulat, di na muling pipikit.” Laban!

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Mga tula ng pagpanig, paglaban, at pag-ibig sa bayan

Rebyu sa aklat na ‘Sa Aking Pagkadestiyero/In My Exile’ ni Joi Barrios. Sinulat para sa Bulatlat

Bilang dating migrante, ramdam ko ang kakaibang tipo ng lungkot na pinapahiwatig ng mga linyang ito:

Dito, taglay ko ang pilat na nasa noo ng bawat dayo,
Markado ngunit hindi nakikita,
na parang may tagabulag

O ang pangungulilang kapareha ng pananabik sa manggang kinagisnan:

Kalabisan nga ba
ang manghinayang,
na sa dinami-dami ng manga
na mapagpipilian,
wala ni isang
naaamoy ang tamis,
disin sana, matikman man lang
kaht init at lagkit
ng tag-araw
sa bayang iniibig

Dagdag bigat sa isip ang panunumbat ng sarili sa pagiging malayo sa minamahal, lalo’t ang mapagpasyang laban ay sa bayang iniwanan. Maraming paraan upang itawid ang distansiyang namamagitan subalit sa huli ang agwat ay nananatili. Panandalian at mababaw ang anumang ugnay na hatid ng birtwal na komunikasyon kung kaya’t napakalahaga ang bawat salitang bibigkasin. Natatangi kung nagtataglay ng hangaring lagpas sa sarili ang kabuluhan.

Pamilyar ang mga tula ni Joi Barrios at ang unang tatagos ay mga salitang gumuguhit ang lalim at talas. Saka lamang maaalala ng mambabasang aktibista kung saang rali, porum, at parangal narinig ang tula. Tinanghal sa harap ng madla, binasa upang pumukaw ng ahitasyon, pinalabas sa social media upang maabot ang mas marami.

Ilan ang nakabatid na sinulat pala ang umaapoy na prosa sa kabilang dako ng mundo? Hindi lang husay sa pagsulat kundi ang masinop at marubdob na pagsubaybay sa nangyayari sa lipunan. May hugot sa balita, kumiling sa pulso ng masa, nakaangkla sa tindig ng paglaban. Tila naglaho ang distansiya ng makata sa isang iglap at sa bisa ng ilang linya.

Sa panahong naghasik ng lagim si Rodrigo Duterte, ang boses ng mga peministang makata tulad ni Joi Barrios ay nagpalakas ng loob ng marami. Tinapatan ang lason ng disimpormasyon sa pagsandig sa katotohanan at malikhaing paghabi ng katwiran ng palaban. Habang tumindi ang pasismo, sinabayan ito ng atake sa politika ng Kaliwa. Sa digmaan ng naratibo, ang radikal na panig ni Joi Barrios ay hindi maikakaila:

Malinaw sa amin ang katwiran ng himagsik
At kung ang dahilan ay hindi mo pa rin mabatid,
Hayaang ihiwalay tayo ng guhit
Sa ating pagtindig

At mayroon siyang babala sa mga mandurukot ng alaala na ang layon ay siraan ang Kaliwa:

Siyang namumuhunan sa alaala,
para sa ginhawa at pagtamasa
habang isinusugal ang buhay ng kapwa
na ipinipinta na kulay pula
ay walang ibang inilalantad
kundi ang sariling pagkasalat,
Huwag, huwag na kaming idamay, isama
sa huwad na alaala.

Kung may malisyosong paggamit ng alaala, pinakita rin sa mga tula kung paano ang alaala ay puhunan ng makata upang magpugay sa mga kaibigan, kasama, at mahal sa buhay. Salalayan din ito upang idugtong ang pakikisangkot noon at ngayon sa pamamagitan ng pagkilala sa iba’t ibang ambag ng mga kakilala sa kilusang mapagpalaya. Makapangyarihang sandata ang alaala sa kamay ng makatang ang puso ay para sa paglikha ng bagong kasaysayan. Marami-rami na ang lumisan, at ang ating pighati ay pinalubha ng pandemya, subalit ang mahalaga ay may nagpapatuloy ng pakikibaka. Ang temang ito ay palagiang binabalikan ng makata sa kanyang mga tulang nag-iiwan ng hamon sa kabataang mambabasa.

Tiyak lalawak pa ang bilang ng mambabasa dahil ang mga tula ay may salin sa wikang Ingles bukod sa nailagay na rin ang ilan sa internet. May adbantahe ang pagbasa ng tula sa Filipino at ang salin nito dahil nakukumpara ang pakahulugan sa sariling wika at ang katumbas nito sa Ingles. Sinasalamin pa rin nito ang talino ng makata dahil tumatak sa dalawang bersyon ang palabang mensahe tungkol sa katapangan, pagpanig, at pag-ibig sa kapwa.

Malayo man ay malapit din. Tahanan ang mundo, ang tanaw ay sa lupang sinilangan, ang tula ay para sa pangmatagalang laban.

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The First 100 Days of Philippine Vice President Sara Duterte

Written for The Diplomat

The Philippines recently marked the first 100 days in office of both President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. and Vice President Sara Duterte. Global news reports highlighted the key issues that Marcos has tackled since July but the work of Duterte has usually not been mentioned.

In the Philippines, the vice president is elected separately by the citizenry. The vice president has no official role in the government other than to wait and prepare to lead if the president is unable to fulfill his or her duty. It is important, therefore, to review Duterte’s first 100 days as it can provide a glimpse of her priorities and even the prospect of her becoming the country’s next president in 2028.

As education czar, Duterte faces a tough battle ahead since the country is still reeling from the devastating impact of the decision of the previous government to extend school closures during the pandemic. And despite her long list of activities as VP, it is inevitable that many will compare this to the impressive work of her predecessor, who overcame numerous challenges and succeeded in delivering public service and leadership through innovation and transparency.

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Philippines Confirms New Envoy to China

Written for The Diplomat

The appointment of Jaime Florcruz as the Philippines’ new ambassador to China was confirmed on December 7 by the country’s Commission on Appointments.

Who is Florcruz and what will be his role in building closer relations with China under the government of President Ferdinand Marcos Jr.? His response to legislators during the public hearing of his confirmation provided a glimpse of his thoughts on China and the country’s foreign policy directions.

Florcruz was a student activist who went to China in 1971 to witness the impact of the “cultural revolution.” He was forced to remain in China after President Ferdinand E. Marcos, the father of the incumbent president, banned him from returning for alleged subversion. He continued his studies in China and became a journalist who led TIME Magazine and CNN in Beijing until his retirement. His CNN profile described him as the dean of the foreign press corps in Beijing and the longest-serving foreign correspondent in China.

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Freedom of Expression Declines Further Under Marcos

Written for The Diplomat

Three months after coming to power, Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. has failed to reassure the media community and the public that he will promote freedom of expression and reverse the impunity that worsened during the term of his predecessor. To be sure, there was little expectation that the son of a deposed dictator would be a champion of press freedom, but his election pledge of unity and healing could have been a good opportunity to affirm his commitment to protecting the public’s right to information.

Journalists continue to face violent threats, critics are slapped with harassment suits, and the public is wary about the impact of the mandatory SIM card registration law. The Marcos government should spend its next 100 days addressing the concern about the unceasing decline of freedom of expression in the country.

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UN Report Charts Human Rights Decline in the Philippines

Written for The Diplomat

The United Nations Human Rights Committee has released its concluding observations about the human rights situation in the Philippines ahead of the country’s fourth Universal Periodic Review (UPR).

The 13-page report highlighted several issues that marked the deterioration of human rights protection in the country under the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte, whose six-year term ended in June.

Marcos is in Cambodia for the ASEAN Summit and East Asia Summit and will then travel to Thailand for the APEC summit, where he is expected to promote the country’s economic potential. He might repeat his earlier appeal at the U.N. General Assembly for urgent climate action and global cooperation.

But equally important in defending the country’s international standing is the UPR taking place on the other side of the world. Marcos may have diplomats and government representatives to articulate the position of the Philippines, but it will be difficult to deny that since taking office in July, he has said nothing substantial or concrete about his human rights agenda.

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Philippines Assures UN that it Upholds Human Rights

Written for The Diplomat

The Philippine delegation to the fourth cycle of the country’s Universal Periodic Review in Geneva has assured United Nations member states that the government of President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. is committed to upholding human rights.

The UPR is an ongoing process and the real test for the Marcos government is whether it will back its promises with sustained action and implementation of substantial governance reforms. Marcos cannot do this without reversing the numerous repressive policies of his predecessor, who is incidentally his political ally and the father of his vice-presidential running mate. If he is serious about promoting human rights, he should be ready to antagonize Duterte and the well-entrenched officials of the previous government who are suspected of being responsible for some of the bloodiest human rights abuses in recent years.

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What Philippine President Marcos Said in New York

Written for The Diplomat

The speech of Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. at the 77th Session of the United Nations General Assembly and his bilateral meeting with United States President Joe Biden could be the highlight of his recent six-day working visit in New York, but his talks in other less prominent public activities also provided a peek into his thinking and the priorities of his government.

For example, Marcos emphasized the role of agriculture in attaining food security during a talk in front of some members of the Filipino community in New York.

Marcos believes his state visit to the U.S. was a success because of the positive response to his call for unity on a global scale. What he didn’t mention was that the trip served as a symbolic victory for his family because prior to becoming president this year, he could not go back to the U.S. because he has a standing warrant of arrest for contempt of court in Hawaii.

It also went unmentioned in Marcos’ talks and public engagements that his trip coincided with the 50th anniversary of his father’s declaration of Martial Law in the Philippines. Maybe it was deliberately omitted in his speeches because he would have sounded hypocritical for talking about prosperity and openness while denying the lingering negative impact of Martial Law on the Philippine economy and democracy.

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President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. Says His Father Was Not a Dictator

Written for The Diplomat

“You can say what you want, that’s your opinion. You’re wrong.”

This was Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr.’s response to those who are calling him the son of a dictator. Marcos said this in a pre-recorded video interview with his goddaughter Toni Gonzaga, a TV actress who also hosted election rallies of Marcos during the campaign period. The interview was uploaded on YouTube on September 13 and aired on a new TV network owned by a political ally of the president.

It marks the first time that the president has agreed to a one-on-one interview after his proclamation in May. It is telling that the interview was not done by a member of the press, which reflects the president’s refusal to be questioned by journalists he deems biased against his family.

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Indifference allows the powerful to oppress the weak

Published by the Philippine Daily Inquirer

The court order granting a three-hour furlough to Reina Mae Nasino was narrowly interpreted by the police and jail authorities to deprive a grieving mother of a decent moment to bury her dead child.

Authorities will probably inform the court that they complied with the order by bringing Reina Mae to the cemetery. They will probably cite various bureaucratic reasons to justify why additional security measures were enforced, such as the overkill deployment of heavily armed troops, the police-directed snatching of a coffin from the funeral march, the handcuffing of a mother unable to hug her child for the last time, and the driving away of mourners inside the cemetery.

How will the court treat this tone-deaf response from the Philippine National Police and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology? We ask, since our previous pleadings on behalf of Reina Mae and Baby River were rejected despite our appeals for humanitarian consideration, because the court chose to uncritically accept the flimsy excuses of police and jail authorities.

It is when we fail to see the urgency of making an extra effort to protect human rights that tyrants are enabled to commit impunity. Our indifference allows the powerful to oppress the weak. Our greed for state-sponsored rewards, promotion in the bureaucracy, and political patronage can blind us to perform acts that legalize injustice. We equate the privileges we enjoy with the perpetuation of this flawed system that we lose our sense of humanity by refusing to acknowledge that even some of our ministerial duties in the bureaucracy can fatally affect the lives of the innocent.

Authorities are now invoking laws, regulations, manuals, health protocols, and court orders as part of their rejoinder to accusations that they trampled on the rights of a grieving mother and her three-month-old baby. It is more accurate to say that they conspired to commit these barbaric actions in partisan support of the political directives of the Duterte regime.

The Duterte administration should be held accountable for the violence that marred the burial of Baby River. But it is also clear to us that there are officials, agencies, and institutions that made this happen and continue to be remorseless for the cruelty they did, and might be even deluding themselves that they accomplished a good deed in the service of the nation.

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IFEX Regional briefs: January, February, March 2022

January 2022. Winter Olympics in “a sea of repression”, anniversary of a coup, and a new law against workplace harassment. Will there be ‘sportswashing” of China’s human rights situation during the Winter Olympics? Myanmar’s crackdown on journalists and dissenters continues ahead of coup anniversary. Pakistan enacts a new law that aims to protect women from workplace harassment. Read more.

February 2022. Women in focus: Standing up to attacks and defending the rights of all. Looking ahead to International Women’s Day, 8 March, this brief features stories of women who are overcoming various challenges to create a safer civic space for all: journalists facing persecution, students protesting the hijab ban in south India, a Sri Lankan lawyer testifying about human rights abuses, and striking Naga World hotel workers in Phnom Penh who are resisting persistent government intimidation. Read more.

March 2022. Civil society groups push back against Asia’s repressive new laws. From Myanmar’s ‘digital coup’ to Cambodia’s national internet gateway, several Asian countries have either adopted or are trying to push through new laws and regulations that threaten freedom of expression. But civil society groups and journalists are pushing back and mobilizing public awareness and resistance against these repressive measures. Read more.

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A Look at Philippine President Marcos’ ‘Unity Budget’ for 2023

Written for The Diplomat

The government of Philippine President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr. this week submitted a record 5.268 trillion pesos ($94 billion) 2023 budget to the House of Representatives. This is the highest-ever spending proposal sent to Congress.

Department of Budget and Management (DBM) Secretary Amenah F. Pangandaman described the proposed bill as “proactive and resilient… designed to withstand future risks, challenges, and shocks.” She added that the budget reflects priority sectors of the Marcos government which include education, infrastructure development, health, agriculture, and social safety nets.

Independent think-tank Ibon Foundation summed up the weaknesses of the first budget bill of the Marcos government: “Import-dependent infrastructure, debt interest payments, and security forces are given far more importance than education, health, social welfare, farmers, and labor.

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Making Sense of the Philippines’ Latest Poverty Statistics

Written for The Diplomat

More Filipinos are poorer today compared to 2018, according to the latest official data released by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).

Citing its Family Income and Expenditure Survey, the PSA said the country has 19.99 million individuals living below the poverty threshold. This represents 18.1 percent of the population. In 2018, there were 17.67 million poor Filipinos. Meanwhile, the number of “food-poor” individuals increased by 1.01 million. The PSA also reported a 7.8 percent unemployment rate, which is equivalent to 3.71 million jobless Filipinos.

The poverty situation could be worse because the PSA survey was done in 2021, and its poverty threshold is considered unrealistic by other experts. Converted into U.S. dollars, a person belonging to a family of five members only needs to earn $1.41 per day in order to survive and meet his or her daily food requirements, according to the Philippine government.

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Overkill deployment of troops for a grieving mom

Published by Bayan Metro Manila

The police displayed utter disrespect towards the Nasino family for deploying dozens of armed troops when they escorted Reina Mae Nasino to attend the wake of her child Baby River.

Authorities lied when they claimed that they lacked the personnel who can guard Nasino for the three-day furlough originally granted by the court.

Instead of allowing Nasino a longer time to grieve with her family, the police tried three times to forcibly escort Nasino back to the Manila City Jail even if the three-hour visit allowed by the court was not yet over.

BJMP officers carried high-powered arms in a wake, provoked tension when they tried to snatch a young mother from her dead child, and traumatized a grieving family.

BJMP is concocting a lie by arguing that Nasino is a high-security inmate. Even the dubious search warrant used by the police to raid the Bayan Manila office in Tondo in November 2019 didn’t mention Nasino’s name. Nasino is also far from being a flight risk since she is naturally expected to be present at her child’s burial on Friday. Hindi tatakas ang isang nanay na may anak na ililibing.

We see no reason for the insane deployment of troops other than to intimidate Nasino, instill fear in the defiant family, and create a chilling effect in the ranks of activists.

They miserably failed since Nasino asserted her right to speak, her family and friends protected her, and activists stood their ground in resisting the strong-arm tactics of the BJMP.

The BJMP only created an unnecessary disturbance, distracted a family in mourning, and exposed their callous behavior.

Our lawyers are already seriously considering the filing of contempt charges.

We insist that Nasino was only right to share her sentiments to the public by talking to journalists who were also at the wake. We didn’t see authorities making a ruckus when VIP inmates gave media interviews in the past. Even the convicted General Palparan was given the chance to speak from inside his cell when a pro-Duterte blogger interviewed him.

The misbehavior of the BJMP today reflected the cruel acts of injustice committed against Nasino and fellow activists. From being charged with a trumped-up case based on fabricated evidence to the indifference shown by the court to her appeals not to be separated from her baby, Nasino was made to feel the full brunt of state-sponsored violence.

We deplore the inhumane directives given by the rabid anti-communist officials of the Duterte government. This heavy-handed approach has the obvious backing of top levels in the bureaucracy. They are merciless, heartless, yet petty and pathetic for being arrogant against a young grieving mother.

We will not back down as we continue to join the Nasino family in mourning the death of Baby River. The fight for justice continues. Meanwhile, the BJMP and police should back off and let Reina Mae Nasino bury her child in peace.

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